Sir James Fergusson, 6th Baronet GCSI KCMG PC DL (14 March 1832 – 14 January 1907) was a British soldier, Conservative politician and colonial administrator.
Fergusson was elected Member of Parliament for Ayrshire and represented the constituency in parliament from 1854 to 1857 and 1859 to 1868. He was Under-Secretary of State for India under Lord Derby from 1866 to 1867 and Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1867 to 1868 under Derby and Benjamin Disraeli and was admitted to the Privy Council in 1868.
Fergusson served as Governor of South Australia from 1868. In November 1872 he was appointed governor of New Zealand and left Adelaide on 6 December for a short visit to England before taking up the post.
He was Governor of New Zealand between 1873 and 1874, when he resigned and returned to England.
He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1874.
He was appointed to a Royal Commission to inquire into the operation of the Factory and Workshop Acts in 1875, and to a Commission inquiring into the sale of liquor in Scotland in 1877.
He was Governor of Bombay between 1880 and 1885.
He was appointed an Extra Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1885.
Following his retirement, he returned to the House of Commons, as Member of Parliament for Manchester North East, which he represented between 1885 and 1906. He again held political office as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs between 1886 and 1891 and as Postmaster General between 1891 and 1892 in Lord Salisbury's Conservative administration.